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Sources

Every figure and legal reference on this site, with the primary source it comes from. Showing sources for European Union — switch region to see the other set. If a number here is wrong, we want to know.

1. 01

   EU gender pay gap of roughly 12%

   Eurostat — Gender pay gap statistics
2. 02

   Spread of statutory minimum wages across EU member states

   Eurostat — Minimum wage statistics
3. 03

   Wages, labour costs and earnings levels across the EU

   Eurostat — Wages and labour costs
4. 04

   Adequate minimum wages and the 80% collective bargaining coverage action plan

   Directive (EU) 2022/2041 on adequate minimum wages
5. 05

   Pay transparency, gender pay gap reporting and enforcement from June 2026

   Directive (EU) 2023/970 on pay transparency
6. 06

   Sustainability reporting, double materiality and the social pillar (CSRD)

   Directive (EU) 2022/2464 on corporate sustainability reporting
7. 07

   How CSRD reporting works in practice for companies

   European Commission — Corporate sustainability reporting
8. 08

   Parental, paternity and carers' leave as a statutory floor in the EU

   Directive (EU) 2019/1158 on work-life balance
9. 09

   EU labour law, working conditions and workers' rights

   European Commission — Labour law
10. 10

    The role of trade unions and collective bargaining in Europe

    European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC)
11. 11

    Underlying EU statistics on pay, employment and social conditions

    Eurostat — Database